Thinking, Fast and Slow by Daniel KahnemanISBN: 9780374533557
Publication Date: 2013-04-02
Many is the time when I have been doing something like taking a shower, all the while preoccupied by something I’m trying to write or something else that’s going on, and when I’m finished I’m not able to remember whether I washed my hair—something that, if it happened, it happened less than a minute ago! If you’ve ever wondered what’s up with that, this is a great book to read.
Psychologists have long noticed that there appear to be at least two different cognitive process that occur in the mind. They are often illustrated in the way Kahneman illustrates them, with two exercises. First, look quickly at the following picture:
Chances are that immediately, without any conscious deliberation, you knew that the woman in the picture was angry. You may have also sensed that she is alarmed, having heard or seen something that she feels is unjustified and is angering her. Most likely, you formed these opinions without ever having any conscious intention to assess her mood. Borrowing from the title of Kahneman’s book, this is an instance of thinking fast, and it is conducted by System 1. Contrast that exercise with the following problem: 18 x 47 = ? Unless you are a math genius, you probably are not able to solve the problem by thinking fast, though you probably know that you could solve it if you wanted to do so.
System 1, then, works automatically, quickly, and effortlessly, with no sense of voluntary control. System 2, on the other hand, allocates attention to operations that require conscious effort such as making a left turn into heavy traffic. With this structure in mind, Kahneman describes a myriad of things that affect our thought processes and decision making—things like heuristics and biases (e.g., confirmation bias, the halo effect, etc.), as well as things like priming that advertisers know well. I found the writing to be accessible, and it is replete with illustrative stories and descriptions of psychological experiments that were fascinating to me. The book is based on decades of research for which Kahneman (a psychologist) and his research partner, Amos Tversky, won the Nobel Prize in Economics. I should point out that a friend who is an extremely intelligent and well-read economist found the book to be a bit of a slog. I found it fascinating, though, and richly rewarding.